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이름 | 제공 업체 | 목적 | 최대 보관 기간 | 유형 |
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__lc_cid | LiveChat | 웹사이트의 채팅 박스 기능을 목적으로 필요로 함. | 400 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
__lc_cst | LiveChat | 웹사이트의 채팅 박스 기능을 목적으로 필요로 함. | 400 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
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__cf_bm [x2] | edmundoptics.com eogo.edmundoptics.com | This cookie is used to distinguish between humans and bots. This is beneficial for the website, in order to make valid reports on the use of their website. | 1 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
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li_gc | Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain | 180 일 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
AWSALB [x2] | sealserver.trustwave.com www.edmundoptics.co.kr | Registers which server-cluster is serving the visitor. This is used in context with load balancing, in order to optimize user experience. | 7 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
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jsV | service.mtcaptcha.com | These cookies are used to secure the website from unwanted bots and automated scripts and help verify human users. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
mtv1ConfSum | service.mtcaptcha.com | https://www.mtcaptcha.com/faq-cookie-declaration | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
mtv1Pulse | service.mtcaptcha.com | https://www.mtcaptcha.com/faq-cookie-declaration | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
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CookieConsent | Cookiebot | Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain | 1 년 | HTTP 쿠키 |
UMB_SESSION | www.edmundoptics.co.kr | Stores domain prefix to determine whether it holds https or http URL properties. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
이름 | 제공 업체 | 목적 | 최대 보관 기간 | 유형 |
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__oauth_redirect_detector | LiveChat | Allows the website to recoqnise the visitor, in order to optimize the chat-box functionality. | 1 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
@@lc_auth_token:3b0f44ba-5eb5-4bb1-a9e1-2214776a186b | Livechat | 미결 | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
@@lc_ids | Livechat | Identifies the visitor across devices and visits, in order to optimize the chat-box function on the website. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
이름 | 제공 업체 | 목적 | 최대 보관 기간 | 유형 |
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_livechat_has_visited | Livechat | Identifies the visitor across devices and visits, in order to optimize the chat-box function on the website. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
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이름 | 제공 업체 | 목적 | 최대 보관 기간 | 유형 |
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conv_rand | Convert Insight | This cookie is used by the website’s operator in context with multi-variate testing. This is a tool used to combine or change content on the website. This allows the website to find the best variation/edition of the site. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
__tld__ [x2] | Wisepops | Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
_fbp [x2] | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real time bidding from third party advertisers. | 3 월 | HTTP 쿠키 |
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lastExternalReferrer | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Detects how the user reached the website by registering their last URL-address. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
lastExternalReferrerTime | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Detects how the user reached the website by registering their last URL-address. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
IDE | 광고의 유효성을 측정하기 위한 목적으로 광고주의 광고 중 하나를 보거나 클릭한 후 웹사이트 사용자의 행동을 등록 및 보고하고 사용자에게 표적 광고를 제시하기 위해 Google DoubleClick에 사용됨. | 400 일 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
pagead/landing [x2] | Collects data on visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that they are shown the same advertisement. | 세션 | 픽셀 트래커 | |
test_cookie | 사용자의 브라우저가 쿠키를 지원하는지 여부를 확인하는 데 사용됨. | 1 일 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
_mkto_trk | Marketo | 방문자의 행동과 웹사이트 상호 작용에 관한 데이터를 포함함. 이는 웹사이트가 이메일을 통해 방문자를 추적할 수 있도록 하는 이메일 마케팅 서비스인 Marketo.com과 관련하여 사용됩니다. | 2 년 | HTTP 쿠키 |
wisepops [x2] | Wisepops | 웹사이트의 팝업 광고 컨텐츠 문구에 사용됩니다. 쿠키는 동일한 동일한 광고를 의도한 것 이상으로 홍보하지 않도록 보장할 뿐만 아니라 방문자에게 어떠한 광보를 보여줘야 할지를 결정합니다. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
wisepops_props [x2] | Wisepops | 웹사이트의 팝업 광고 컨텐츠 문구에 사용됩니다. 쿠키는 동일한 동일한 광고를 의도한 것 이상으로 홍보하지 않도록 보장할 뿐만 아니라 방문자에게 어떠한 광보를 보여줘야 할지를 결정합니다. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
wisepops_session [x2] | Wisepops | 웹사이트의 팝업 광고 컨텐츠 문구에 사용됩니다. 쿠키는 동일한 동일한 광고를 의도한 것 이상으로 홍보하지 않도록 보장할 뿐만 아니라 방문자에게 어떠한 광보를 보여줘야 할지를 결정합니다. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
wisepops_visitor [x2] | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
wisepops_visits [x2] | Wisepops | 웹사이트의 팝업 광고 컨텐츠 문구에 사용됩니다. 쿠키는 동일한 동일한 광고를 의도한 것 이상으로 홍보하지 않도록 보장할 뿐만 아니라 방문자에게 어떠한 광보를 보여줘야 할지를 결정합니다. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
NID | 재유입 사용자의 기기를 식별하는 고유의 ID를 등록함. 이 ID는 표적 광고를 위해 사용됩니다. | 6 월 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
pagead/1p-user-list/# | Tracks if the user has shown interest in specific products or events across multiple websites and detects how the user navigates between sites. This is used for measurement of advertisement efforts and facilitates payment of referral-fees between websites. | 세션 | 픽셀 트래커 | |
1.gif | Usercentrics GmbH | Used to count the number of sessions to the website, necessary for optimizing CMP product delivery. | 세션 | 픽셀 트래커 |
bcookie | 임베디드 서비스 사용을 추적하기 위해 소셜 네트워크 서비스인 LinkedIn에 사용됨. | 1 년 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
lidc | 임베디드 서비스 사용을 추적하기 위해 소셜 네트워크 서비스인 LinkedIn에 사용됨. | 1 일 | HTTP 쿠키 | |
wisepops_session_id | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
wisepops_session_landing_url | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
wisepops_session_referrer | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
wisepops-pageview_id | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
wisepops-uses-attention | Wisepops | Used in context with pop-up advertisement-content on the website. The cookie determines which ads the visitor should be shown, as well as ensuring that the same ads does not get shown more than intended. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
#-# | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
511422-22d53b02 | YouTube | 미결 | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
da8c92-4db6ad13 | YouTube | 미결 | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
iU5q-!O9@$ | YouTube | Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
LogsDatabaseV2:V#||LogsRequestsStore | YouTube | Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video | 영구 | IndexedDB |
nextId | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
remote_sid | YouTube | Necessary for the implementation and functionality of YouTube video-content on the website. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
requests | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
ServiceWorkerLogsDatabase#SWHealthLog | YouTube | Necessary for the implementation and functionality of YouTube video-content on the website. | 영구 | IndexedDB |
TESTCOOKIESENABLED | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 1 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | YouTube | 유튜브 비디오가 통합된 페이지 상에서 사용자의 대역폭을 추정함. | 180 일 | HTTP 쿠키 |
YSC | YouTube | 사용자가 시청한 유튜브 동영상에 관한 통계를 보관하기 위해 고유의 ID를 등록함. | 세션 | HTTP 쿠키 |
yt.innertube::nextId | YouTube | Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt.innertube::requests | YouTube | Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY | YouTube | Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
YtIdbMeta#databases | YouTube | Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content. | 영구 | IndexedDB |
yt-remote-cast-available | YouTube | Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-cast-installed | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-connected-devices | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-device-id | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 영구 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-fast-check-period | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-session-app | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
yt-remote-session-name | YouTube | 내장된 유튜브 비디오를 사용해 사용자의 비디오 플레이어 환경 설정을 저장함. | 세션 | HTML 로컬 스토리지 |
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Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin are utilizing imaging systems to analyze the chemical and mechanical qualities of cancer cells to determine the best treatment method. The future of cancer treatment depends on optics.
Aggressive cancers are often treated with a combination of therapeutics and while this may help to address the heterogeneity of cancer cells, it often does not effectively rid the body of them. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most invasive cancers with an estimated five-year survival rate of 10%.1 A significant factor in the malignant quality of pancreatic cancer is the inability for clinicians to accurately predict the cancer cells’ susceptibility to specific treatments. Additionally, while pancreatic cancer is usually treated aggressively, it is also difficult to understand or accurately estimate how invasive the cancer may be. Without knowing these key behavioral cell attributes it is difficult to improve survival rates in pancreatic or similarly aggressive cancers.
Researchers at the Parekh Lab understand the barriers clinicians face in cancer treatment. They are developing an optical system that combines imaging methods to gain insight into cancer cell behavior. The system is a mechano-chemical flow cytometer (MCFC) and utilizes spectroscopy and flow cytometry to analyze the biomechanical and biochemical properties of cancer cells. The technology serves to recognize and quantify cell parameters, such as surface contour or other heterogenetic qualities. This analysis will allow clinicians to gain knowledge on invasive cancer cells and form better treatment plans to combat aggressive behavior.
The first component of the MCFC involves spectroscopy to analyze the chemical make-up of cancerous cells. The MCFC utilizes broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (BCARS) which allows analysis to be completed without biochemical markers. In this system, a supercontinuum laser source, which uses nonlinear processes to produce an extremely broad wavelength range, is used in combination with a reflective beam expander to excite the cells. This excitation allows for label-free analysis of the chemical qualities as each individual cell has a unique vibrational signature, meaning that biochemical tagging is not required. Cell tagging can cause damage to cells, specifically to proteins within the cell, and could skew data. Protein tags can obstruct the chemistry or structure of a protein, which has the potential to change the binding affinity of the protein to other proteins with which it would normally interact. A reflective beam expander is used in BCARS because the supercontinuum source is not monochromatic. Therefore, the reflective beam expander must correct for chromatic aberration to minimize divergence differences between wavelengths. They are composed of a concave and convex mirror instead of transmissive lenses like conventional beam expanders (Figure 2). Their curved mirrors also correct for spherical aberration.
Biomechanical qualities of cancerous cells also allow for further insight into the behavior of the cancer in a patient’s body. To obtain this information, a real-time deformability cytometer (RT-DC) is used. An RT-DC works by submerging cells of interest in fluid and then sending this mixture through a small tube. The cells will be squeezed causing them to deform. How the cells behave because of constriction is what allows scientists to categorize them. Flow cytometry is another label-free method of imaging and allows cells of interest to not become damaged or compromised in the analysis process. Brightfield imaging is utilized to study surface contours and a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) camera is employed to capture images for analysis. Upon imaging, cells deformities are quantified by a deformability index (DI). By comparing the DI of cells before and after chemotherapeutics or other treatments, cell groups may be identified as resistant to certain forms of therapy. These cell groups may also inform clinicians of the metastaticity of the cancer as resistance to treatment could possibly act as an indicator to potential invasive behavior, although this technique is still under development.
Looking to the future, researchers at the Parekh Lab are working to combine the technologies of BCARS and RT-DC into a commercially available MCFC. The device must first be compared to the technology that is currently widely-used in the industry: fluorescent activated cell-sorting (FACS). FACS uses fluorescent tagging to sort cells based upon the fluorescent qualities and light scattering of input cells. The new MCFC technique will allow clinicians to perform phenotypic assessments of cells in a similar fashion without the tagging to better understand cancer cell heterogeneity. Current techniques are also limited to tagging the surface of cells, which does not necessarily describe the inside of the cell. The deformation analysis of RT-DC allows it to characterize internal properties of the cells and potentially reveal more useful information.
Future implementations in clinical settings could be life-changing for cancer patients. The current studies being done by the Parekh Lab focus on pancreatic cancer cells. However, this technology could also be implemented in several other cancer treatment measures. Once commercially available, healthcare providers will be able to analyze a patient’s cancer cells label-free and gain a better understanding of how the cancer itself will likely react to different types of treatment. Post-therapy analysis will then give direction to clinicians on how they should proceed and give a better idea of the aggressive nature of the cancer. This knowledge is imperative to providing life-saving treatment to patients and has the potential to increase long-term survival rates.
The Edmund Optics Educational Award Program serves to encourage the continuation of innovative research in optics at non-profit colleges and universities. The Parekh Lab at the University of Texas at Austin was awarded the 2020 Silver Educational Award for their work in constructing a mechano-chemical flow cytometer to improve cancer treatment based on cellular analysis. The award granted $7,500 worth of products to the Parekh Lab and has allowed them to purchase quality objectives and reflective beam expanders. The eventual construction of the MCFC will improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment plans formulated by physicians. This could result in increased survival rates in fatal cancers and allow treatment to become a more data-driven practice. Edmund Optics was honored to provide the 2020 Silver Education Award to the Parekh Lab for their work towards the actualization of MCFC in clinical practices to help fight cancer.
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