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What is the numerical aperture of a fiber?

The numerical aperture (NA) of a fiber is a number that defines its light gathering capability. A larger NA corresponds to a larger acceptance angle, which results in the ability to collect more light. The NA of a multi-mode fiber can be calculated from the index of refraction values for the fibers core (ncore) and cladding (nclad).

NA = √ (ncore2 - nclad2)

However, for single-mode fibers, the Gaussian nature of the beam going through the fiber needs to be considered and this equation will not be as accurate.

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